PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 years.